Rembak / Rajnbach Holocaust-Era Records in Krzepice, Kłobuck, Częstochowa, and nearby towns
54 Holocaust-era records for Rembak / Rajnbach and related spellings.
These records span Krzepice (Kshepitz), Kłobuck (Klobutzk), Częstochowa (Chenstochov), Działoszyn (Zaloshin), Radomsko (Radomsk, Noworadomsko, Novoradomsko, Noworadomsk, Novoradomsk), Pajęczno (Payentchno), Piotrków (Petrikev), Kielce (Keltz), Praszka (Prashka), Wieluń (Vielun), and nearby towns.
Note: These results are missing 225 REMBAK records from our 1,620,997-record pre-Holocaust database. Join CRARG to see those records and receive research assistance. Learn more »
Częstochowa BMD 1939-1942 deaths; Często Arch [H]
| -Sort- | Reg year | Akt | Death place, date | Registration place, date | Deceased, age, profession, etc | Deceased surname | Father of deceased | Father surname | Mother of deceased | Mother maiden name | Spouse | Spouse maiden name or surname | Survived by | Survivors maiden name(s) or surname(s) | Witness 1 | Witness 1 surname | Witness 2 | Witness 2 surname | Other information | Surname(s) from previous column | Image(s) | Notes by translator | Notes (not by translator) |
|---|
| 11155 | 1941 | 303 | 15 May 1941, Częstochowa | 16 May 1941, Częstochowa | Zajnwel Blic, tailor, born Iwanowice 10 May 1878, died in Częstochowa ul. Targowa 3 | BLIC | Szymon Blic | BLIC | Ruchla née [not listed] | | Temera née Rembak | REMBAK | [not listed] | | Herszlik Mitelman, employee of the Rabbinate in Częstochowa | | Szlama Majzler, employee of the Rabbinate in Częstochowa | | | | www.crarg.org/i…152-WKkTrc.jpg | | |
| 12455 | 1942 | 631 | Częstochowa, 14 Aug 1942 | Częstochowa, 17 Aug 1942 | Syma Blic, born Krzepice in 1918, seamstress | BLIC | Zajnwel | | Temera née Rembak | REMBAK | | | | | Szlama Majzler, employee Jewish Community | | Herszlik Mitelman, employee Jewish Community | | Syma died at 8:40 in Częstochowa, ul. Targowa 3; she was a maid | | www.crarg.org/i…033-2oprf3.jpg | | |
Częstochowa BMD 1939-1942 marriages; Często Arch; for information on notary records, see https://www.crarg.org/notary-records.php [H]
| -Sort- | Reg year | Akt | Date and place of event | Date and place of registration | Groom, age, profession, city, and (starting in 1916) street address | Groom surname | Groom's father | Groom's father surname | Groom's mother | Groom's mother maiden name | Bride, age, city, and (starting in 1916) street address | Bride surname | Bride's father | Bride's father surname | Bride's mother | Bride's mother maiden name | Witness 1 | Witness 1 surname | Witness 2 | Witness 2 surname | Other information on the page | Surname(s) from previous or next columns | Image(s) | Comments by translator | Surname(s) from previous or next columns | Comments (not by translator) |
|---|
| 10775 | 1940 | 495 | 31 Dec 1940, Częstochowa | 31 Dec 1940, Częstochowa | Mendel Ryng, bachelor, born Zajączki 17 Aug 1916, living in Częstochowa ul. Piłsudskiego 31 | RYNG | Dawid Ryng | RYNG | Rywka née Rembak | REMBAK | Łaja Unglik, unmarried, born Miechów 20 May 1915, living in Częstochowa ul. Senatorska 14 | UNGLIK | Szlama Unglik | UNGLIK | Entla Gitla née Herszkowicz | HERSZKOWICZ | Mojżesz Asz, employee of the Jewish community in Czestochowa | | Herszlik Mitelman, employee of the Jewish community in Czestochowa | | | | www.crarg.org/i…100-czk9IR.jpg | | | |
| 10833 | 1941 | 50 | 2 Feb 1941, Częstochowa | 18 Feb 1941, Częstochowa | Icyk Markowicz, bachelor, born Częstochowa 25 Sep 1916, living in Częstochowa ul. Garncarska 23 | MARKOWICZ | Zuken Markowicz | MARKOWICZ | Szajndla née Altman | ALTMAN | Liba Rembak, unmarried, born Kłobuck 15 Feb 1916, living in Częstochowa ul. Nadrzeczna 48 | REMBAK | Szlama Rembak | REMBAK | Haja Rywka née Szmulewicz | SZMULEWICZ | Herszlik Mitelman, employee of the Rabbinate in Czestochowa | | Mojżesz Asz, employee of the Rabbinate in Czestochowa | | | | www.crarg.org/i…029-UbbcKc.jpg | | | |
| 11093 | 1942 | 19 | 8 Feb 1942, Częstochowa | 9 Feb 1942, Częstochowa | Jankiel Blic, bachelor, born Krzepice 1 May 1915, living in Częstochowa ul. Targowa 3 | BLIC | Zanwel Blic | BLIC | Temara née Rembak | REMBAK | Perla Herszlikowicz, unmarried, born Miedźno 23 Jun 1916, living in Częstochowa ul. Przemysłowa 9 | HERSZLIKOWICZ | Icek Herszlikowicz | HERSZLIKOWICZ | Ruchla née Gotajner | GOTAJNER | Herszlik Mitelman, employee of the synagogue in Czestochowa | | Lejbuś Jasny, employee of the synagogue | | | | www.crarg.org/i…64-0EvfjI.jpeg | | | |
Częstochowa: Committee in Warszawa-Praga, District 5, Committee in Częstochowa, Religious Association, Register of members of the board (26 persons) [H]
| -Sort- | Source | Image number | Sublist | Number | Given name | Surname [r#] | Date of birth | Parents' given names | Profession | Current occupation |
|---|
| 10021 | Amer Jewish Arch, Central Committee of Polish Jews, persons for whom individual assistance is requested, about 1945; MSS COL 361, file D55/5 | surv 11-D55N5/DSC00093.JPG | list/register of employees | 9 | Chaim | REMBAK | 2 Feb 1921 | Szlama, Rywka | baker | concierge/caretaker |
Częstochowa: Czestochower Yidn (Jews of Częstochowa 1947), transliteration of index; all names, including historical figures, non-Jews, etc.; translation at https://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Czestochowa1/Czestochowa1.html; images at https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/07a045a0-66cd-0133-cd02-00505686d14e (2907 listings) [H]
| -Sort- | Given name | Surname [r#] | Page | Comments |
|---|
| 11095 | | REMBAK | 281 | |
| 11096 | Meir | REMBAK | 272, 292, 303 | |
Częstochowa: daily record sheets of the Jewish police in the Częstochowa Ghetto 1941-1942, Senior Council in Częstochowa (Rada Starszych w Częstochowie), USHMM; sample images: www.crarg.org/czestochowa-holocaust-police.php [H]
| -Sort- | Details | Microfilm roll | Page | Image | Surname(s) for this entry | A person in this entry | Surname from the previous column | Birth date | Address | Other family listed | Summary of material |
|---|
| 12912 | Summary of each entry; see pdf file for each image number for a compete translation of the page | Microfilm roll 2 | 0731 | www.crarg.org/i…731-7NhtMn.pdf | SZOPLEWICZ, REMBAK, SZYFF | [no given name] Szoplewicz | SZOPLEWICZ | | | | Szoplewicz requested food to be brought to a prisoner |
| 12913 | Summary of each entry; see pdf file for each image number for a compete translation of the page | Microfilm roll 2 | 0731 | www.crarg.org/i…731-7NhtMn.pdf | SZOPLEWICZ, REMBAK, SZYFF | Srul Rembak | REMBAK | | | | Food was brought for Rembak in prison |
| 12914 | Summary of each entry; see pdf file for each image number for a compete translation of the page | Microfilm roll 2 | 0731 | www.crarg.org/i…731-7NhtMn.pdf | SZOPLEWICZ, REMBAK, SZYFF | [no given name] Szyff | SZYFF | | | | Szyff took the food to the prisoner |
Częstochowa Forced Labor, WWII; original documents at Jewish Historical Institute Warsaw; we thank the Ronald S. Lauder Foundation Genealogy Project for their cooperation (4843 persons) [H]
| -Sort- | Jewish Historical Institute sygn. | Laufende No. [consecutive number] | Kartei-No. [file number] | Person | Surname from previous column | Occupation (Beruf) | Occupation (Beruf) (translated) | Place of residence (Wohnort) | Date at top of page | Page No. in pencil | Page No. in red | Comments |
|---|
| 10346 | | 96 | F 5531 | Chaim Rembak | REMBAK | Glaserges. | Glazier journeyman | Pilsudskistr. 31 | 22 Mar 1940 | 3 | | |
Częstochowa: German Prison in Częstochowa 1939-1944 (Niemiecki Zakład Karny w Częstochowie), EXPANDED WORK [H]
| -Sort- | Reference [number] | Register number | Date of arrival in prison | Name | Surname copied from previous column [r#] | Date of birth | Place of birth | Previous address (Częstochowa unless otherwise stated) | Father | Mother | Surname copied from previous column | Occupation | Suspected or accused of | Date of sentence | Sentence | Other information | Notes by translator / typist | Surname copied from previous columns | Notes (not written by translator / typist) |
|---|
| 10467 | 2134 | | 22 Jul 1942 | Srul Rembak | REMBAK | 2 Feb 1921 | Kłobuck | Nadrzeczna No. 28 | Szlama | Ryfka née Szmilewicz | SZMILEWICZ | Worker | Leaving the Ghetto | | | Released 27 Jul 1942 | | | |
Częstochowa Holocaust-era, various pages (395 persons) [H]
| -Sort- | Details | Given name | Surname [r#] | Date of birth | Age | Father | Mother | Occupation | Occupation (translated) | Current job | Current job (translated) | Address | Regional page header | Regional page header (translated) | L.p. (seq # on left) | Comments |
|---|
| 10083 | ("Komitet w Czestochowie...," "Committee in Czestochowa": Central Committee of Polish Jews, Warszawa-Praga, Szeroka 5, Records/Files and Statistics Department), USHMM, 1997.A.0235.Reel 5 | Chaim | REMBAK | 2 Feb 1921 | | Szlama | Rywka | Piekarz | Baker | Dozorca | Doorkeeper, porter | | Wykaz pracownikow | Registry of workers | 9 | |
Częstochowa List of Available Hand Tools ("Liste des Vorhandenes Handwerkzeugs"), WWII; Jewish Historical Institute (627 persons) [H]
| -Sort- | Laufende No. [consecutive number] | Kartei-No. [file number] | Given name of owner [of the hand tool] | Surname of owner [of the hand tool] | Vorhandenes Handwerkzeugs | Vorhandenes Handwerkzeugs (translated) | Date at top of page | Page No. in pencil | Jewish Historical Institute sygn. | Comments |
|---|
| 10062 | 28 | F 5531 | Chaim | REMBAK | Handwerkzeug eines Glasers | Hand tools of a glazier | 23 Mar 1940 | 2 | 213/6 | |
Częstochowa: prisoners at Hasag Pelcery slave labor camp in Częstochowa, USHMM (4738 persons) [H]
| -Sort- | Image file | Image file (second set: improved images) | Lp. | Given name (Nazwisko i imie) | Surname (Nazwisko i imie) [r#] | Year of birth (Data ur) | Birth, from complete document | Place of birth (Miejsce urodzenia) | Residence in 1939 (Miejsce zam. w 1939 r) | From where sent (Skad przybyl do obozu) [may be one of 6 Hasag slave-labor camps] | Profession (Zawod) | Profession (Zawod), translation | Card number (Nr. kartotek obozowej) | Notes |
|---|
| 13270 | Hasag-A4/0075.tif | Hasag-B4/0070.tif | 3268. | Chaim | REMBAK | 1922 | 1 Dec 1922 | | | | | | 2724 | |
Częstochowa: Rada Starszych w Częstochowie, USHMM, microfilm 2, with expanded translations (images 0001.tif-1015.tif); sample images: www.crarg.org/czestochowa-holocaust-police.php [H]
| -Sort- | Digital file name | Given name | Surname [r#] | Details | Surname(s) in column to the left (if not in the surname column) | Typist comments |
|---|
| 16204 | 0731.tif.pdf | Srul | REMBAK | On 13 Jul 1942 was under arrest at the 2nd commissariat of the Polish police | | |
| 16965 | 0829.tif.pdf | Srul | Rembak | Resides on Nadrzeczna St. 28; | | |
Częstochowa: registration of Jews coming from other cities to Częstochowa 1940-1941, syg 13797, pages 2-128 (1,558 persons) [H]
| -Sort- | Page | Number on page | Registration number (if included) | Date | Given name(s) | Surname [r#] | Date of birth | Number in family | Profession | Profession, translated into English | Former residence | Current residence | Notes by translator / typist | Date at end of this list | Text on a non-list page | Notes (not written by translator / typist) |
|---|
| 10427 | 25 | 4 | | 4 Mar | Chana-Rajzla Rembak | REMBAK | lat [age] 72 | - | bez zaw. | no profession | Rembielice Królewskie | Piłsudskiego 31 | | 11 Mar 1940 | | Spelling is clearly "Rembielice Królewskie" |
Częstochowa Yizkor Book 1947 Biographical Articles, index pages 323-325 (Częstochowa Jews who emigrated to the U.S.); index appears in the 1958 yizkor book; 620 persons [H]
Częstochowa Yizkor Book (Tshenstokhover Yidn, 1947), index to full translations of biographies; translation at https://www.jewishgen.org/Yizkor/Czestochowa1/czea006.html; images at https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/07a045a0-66cd-0133-cd02-00505686d14e [H]
| -Sort- | Letter | Page | Surname [r#] | Additional Surname | Given Name | Additional Given Name |
|---|
| 12771 | 21-resh | XCVIII | REMBAK | | Meir | |
| 12772 | 21-resh | XCVIII | REMBAK | | Aizik | |
| 12773 | 21-resh | XCVIII | REMBAK | | Keila | |
Krzepice Book of Residents (Księga Ludności) 1932-1944; 9 volumes; no index; Często Arch, syg 18-26; no Jews in syg 24-26 (1294 persons) [H]
| -Sort- | Syg. | Page [r#] | House number | Surname | Given name | Maiden name | Parents' names | Surname from previous column | Date of birth | Place of birth | Notes | Comments (not written by researcher) | All surnames for persons in this family |
|---|
| 10141 | 18 | 40 | 13 | GRANEK | Moszek | | Mordka & Hinda Blic | BLIC | | | worker | | BLIC, GRANEK, MICHALOWICZ, REMBAK |
| 10142 | 18 | 40 | 13 | GRANEK | Golda | REMBAK | Jankiel & Chana Michalowicz | MICHALOWICZ | | Rembielice | | | BLIC, GRANEK, MICHALOWICZ, REMBAK |
| 10143 | 18 | 40 | 13 | GRANEK | Hinda | | Moszek & Golda | | 1825 | Krzepice | | | BLIC, GRANEK, MICHALOWICZ, REMBAK |
| 10144 | 18 | 40 | 13 | GRANEK | Izrael | | Moszek & Golda | | 1828 | Krzepice | | | BLIC, GRANEK, MICHALOWICZ, REMBAK |
| 10277 | 19 | 75 | 7 | WAJSFELNER | Moszek | | Markus & Laja Herszlikowicz | HERSZLIKOWICZ | 1868 | Krzepice | | | HERSZLIKOWICZ, NACHMAN, WAJSFELNER, ZOLTAK |
| 10278 | 19 | 75 | 7 | WAJSFELNER | Estera | ZOLTAK | Jankiel & Liba Nachman | NACHMAN | 1866 | Krzepice | | | HERSZLIKOWICZ, NACHMAN, WAJSFELNER, ZOLTAK |
| 10279 | 19 | 75 | 7 | WAJSFELNER | Sura | | Moszek & Estera | | 1909 | Krzepice | | | HERSZLIKOWICZ, NACHMAN, WAJSFELNER, ZOLTAK |
| 10280 | 19 | 75 | 7 | REMBAK | Icek | | Jankiel & Chana | | 1894 | Krzepice | | | REMBAK |
| 10281 | 19 | 75 | 7 | REMBAK | Sura | | Herszlik & Blima | | | Krzepice | | | REMBAK |
| 10282 | 19 | 75 | 7 | REMBAK | Josek | | Herszlik & Blima | | 1922 | Krzepice | | | REMBAK |
| 10283 | 19 | 75 | 7 | REMBAK | Mariem | | Herszlik & Blima | | 1924 | Krzepice | | | REMBAK |
| 10284 | 19 | 75 | 7 | REMBAK | Gucia | | Herszlik & Blima | | 1927 | Krzepice | | | REMBAK |
| 11106 | Syg. 23, Sienkiewicza Street | 112 | 34 | REMBAK | Szlomo | | Jankiel & Hana Michalowicz | MICHALOWICZ | 1902 | Rembielice | glazier | | ALEKSANDROWICZ, ARONOWICZ, MICHALOWICZ, REMBAK |
| 11107 | Syg. 23, Sienkiewicza Street | 112 | 34 | REMBAK | Frymeta | ALEKSANDROWICZ | Zalma & Laja Aronowicz | ARONOWICZ | 1903 | Dzialoszyn | | | ALEKSANDROWICZ, ARONOWICZ, MICHALOWICZ, REMBAK |
| 11108 | Syg. 23, Sienkiewicza Street | 112 | 34 | REMBAK | Mariem | | Szlomo & Frymeta | | 1933 | Krzepice | | | ALEKSANDROWICZ, ARONOWICZ, MICHALOWICZ, REMBAK |
Krzepice: "Martyrs Scroll of Landsmans of Krzepice, Poland and its Surroundings who Perished in the Holocaust," in Hebrew characters; provided (22 April 2003) by Harry Rozyn, who lived in Krzepice up to 1969 (252 persons listed) [H]
| -Sort- | Person | Surname from previous column | Column | Notes |
|---|
| 10232 | Icyk Rembak | REMBAK | H | |
Poland: Jewish Refugees in Italy, List Nr. 1, Jan 1946; only "Poland" listings [H]
| -Sort- | Page number | Name | Surname from previous column | Place of birth | Date of birth | Father's name | Mother's name | Notes (not by typist) |
|---|
| 13007 | 96 | Elieser Rombak | ROMBAK | Wilna, Poland | 1914 | Jochanan | Chana | |
Poland: Register of Jewish Survivors II (Jewish Agency, 1945) [H]
| -Sort- | Digital file id | Page | Given name(s) | Surname(s) from previous or next columns | Place | Typing notes |
|---|
| 50226 | 10-DSC00022.jpg | 211 | Beniamin | RAJNBACH | Lodz | |
| 50227 | 10-DSC00022.jpg | 211 | Helena | RAJNBACH | Przemysl | |
| 50228 | 10-DSC00022.jpg | 211 | Henryk | RAJNBACH | Lodz | |
| 50229 | 10-DSC00022.jpg | 211 | Jakob | REINBACH | Przemysl | |
| 50230 | 10-DSC00022.jpg | 211 | Jakob | RAJNBACH | Przemysl | |
| 50231 | 10-DSC00022.jpg | 211 | Mariem | RAJNBACH | Lodz | |
| 50961 | 10-DSC00026.jpg | 215 | Szlama | REMBAK | Krzepice | |
Radomsko Book of Migration Control, 1930-1943 EXPANDED; Piotrków Tryb. Arch., syg 199-202 (about 7000 persons), sample image: www.crarg.org/radomsko-migration.php [H]
| -Sort- | Previous sort number | Syg. | Year | Page | Number [just a sequential number] | Given name | Surname from previous column [r#] | Number of persons: male | Number of persons: female | Previous place of residence - Powiat | Previous place of residence - Commune | Previous place of residence - Place, street, number of house | Address in Radomsko | Went to | Other information | Surname(s) from previous column | Researcher notes | Comments (not by researcher) |
|---|
| 11143 | 11020 | 199 | 1930 | 150 | 3414 | Szyfra Rembak | REMBAK | --- | 1 | | Radomsko | | | | | | | |
Radomsko identity cards (list of; with signatures) EXPANDED WORK 1934-1940 (1938 is missing); Piotrkow Tryb Arch, syg 185-192 (about 2000 persons); sample image: www.crarg.org/radomsko-identity-cards-1934-1940.php [H]
| -Sort- | Syg. | Year [of ID Card] | Serial number | Given name | Surname | Date and place of birth | Number and date of issue of passport | Address of passport owner | Comment | Surname from previous column | Notes by researcher | Notes (not written by researcher) |
|---|
| 11591 | 191 | 1939 | 203 | Maria Janina Rembek | REMBEK | 27 Jan 1903 Lask | 2 Dec 1939 R203/39 | Pilsudskiego 28 | Signature of owner | | | |
Żarki: lists of persons obliged to pay levy 1940-1941, RG-15.314, zesp 125, syg 304; based on letter on page 102 (see: Beresz / Berek Półrolnicki): Żarki, 23 Aug 1941 / According to decree of the General Governor concerning collection of a resident tax from 27 Jun 1940, requires two payments for the fiscal year 1941, one by 10 Sep 1941 and one by 10 Feb 1942; images: https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/12321636 [H]
| -Sort- | Header before this list | Page number | Order number | Person | Surname from previous column [r#] | Name of father or year [of birth], if included | Residence | Occupation | Quota / established income for the tax year 1939 | Comments (see image for possible additional comments, in pencil] | Notes (not written by translator / typist) |
|---|
| 11937 | [pages 200-224:] Persons over 18 years of age required to pay a levy in 1940 | 204 | [not listed on this page] | Icek Jakób Rembak | REMBAK | Szlama | Stary Rynek 7 | | | 4582 nie znamy [don’t know] | |
| 11938 | [pages 200-224:] Persons over 18 years of age required to pay a levy in 1940 | 204 | [not listed on this page] | Rela Rembak, wife | REMBAK | Zelig | Stary Rynek 7 | | | 4583 wife | |
Żarki: Lists of property taxes on Jewish-owned properties, 1944, RG-15.314, zesp 125, syg 308 (index of names in this material); part of Akta gminy Żarki (Akta urzedu gminy Żarki): https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/zespol/-/zespol/75127; images: https://www.szukajwarchiwach.gov.pl/en/jednostka/-/jednostka/12321758 (but no images) [H]
| -Sort- | Image file name(s) | Page(s) | Details regarding this material | Receipt number | Order number | Payment request | Person | Surname from previous column | Address | Amount, in zl. | Amount, in gr | Remarks | [Based on "Żarki: lists of persons obliged to pay levy 1940-1941"] Who was living here in 1940/1941 or before? | Surname from previous column [r#] | Notes by translator / typist | Notes (not written by translator / typist) |
|---|
| 10060 | 8_125_0_0_308.pdf | 4 | Municipality of Żarki / District Radomsko / List of the collected lease payments [Pachtgelder] for the Jewish property for the month of January 1996 | 1432 | [name not listed] | [name not listed] | Janina Majchrzak | MAJCHRZAK | Stary Rynek 7 | 30 | 00 | | Szlama Turner, Zelik Trześniewski, Jankiel Lichtig, Icek Jakób Rembak, wife Rela Rembak, Izrael Josef Hirsz, Fajgla Hirsz, Hinda Chaja Hirsz, Zysla Hirsz, Chaja Hirsz, Tobiasz Lichtig, Zelik Trześniewski, wife Frajdla Trześniewski, Moszek Trześniewski, Mordka Trześniewski, Zysla Lichtig, Blima Lichtig, Hana? / Szlama Turner | TURNER, TRZEŚNIEWSKI, LICHTIG, REMBAK, HIRSZ, TURNER | | |
| 10205 | 8_125_0_0_308.pdf | 8 | List of of the tax amounts paid to the tax office in Częstochowa from the Jewish house and land ownership in Quarter II, year 2022 | [column not in this table] | 130 | 270 | [name not listed] | | Stary Rynek 7 | 58 | 50 | | Szlama Turner, Zelik Trześniewski, Jankiel Lichtig, Icek Jakób Rembak, wife Rela Rembak, Izrael Josef Hirsz, Fajgla Hirsz, Hinda Chaja Hirsz, Zysla Hirsz, Chaja Hirsz, Tobiasz Lichtig, Zelik Trześniewski, wife Frajdla Trześniewski, Moszek Trześniewski, Mordka Trześniewski, Zysla Lichtig, Blima Lichtig, Hana? / Szlama Turner | TURNER, TRZEŚNIEWSKI, LICHTIG, REMBAK, HIRSZ, TURNER | | |
Note: These results are missing 225 REMBAK records from our 1,620,997-record pre-Holocaust database. Join CRARG to see those records and receive research assistance. Learn more »